基于OSM的浮动车轨迹数据校正方法     

胡向勇  郭圆 《测绘通报》2020,(10):139

浮动车轨迹数据具有覆盖范围广、更新周期短、获取成本低等特点，对于地图的生产和更新具有重要意义，但是由于受到卫星信号被遮挡及多路径效应的影响，其精度普遍较低。本文采用一种基于OSM作为参考数据的方式对浮动车轨迹数据进行校正。首先通过一种分层时空地图匹配的方式将轨迹数据与OSM进行匹配；然后采用引力模型对数据进行校正；最后在武汉市出租车轨迹数据上进行了试验。结果表明，本文提出的数据校正方法可以有效地提高浮动车轨迹数据的精度。  相似文献   

有机化学物质碳氮稳定同位素系列标准物质研制     

李科  张琳  刘福亮  贾艳琨 《岩矿测试》2020,39(5):753-761

实验室和研究人员所使用的碳、氮同位素标准物质一般由国际原子能机构(IAEA)获得,然而近年来,随着碳氮同位素在实验室质量监控、方法评价、仪器校准等方面的广泛应用,市场需求量不断增加, IAEA研制的碳、氮同位素标准物质的种类与数量逐渐不能满足科学研究快速发展的需求。我国急需研制适应当今分析技术水平的有机质碳氮同位素国家标准物质用以进行质量监控、方法评价、仪器校准。为保证量值传递精度,本文研制了4个有机化学物质的碳氮稳定同位素标准物质,其中3个为尿素样品,1个为L-谷氨酸。经检验4种标准物质的均匀性通过F值检验,标准物质的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值经过一年的稳定性检验,特征量值变化在测量方法允许的不确定度范围内,由此判定δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值稳定性良好。由包括研制单位实验室在内的12家实验室协同定值,采用高温燃烧-气体同位素质谱法测定了δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值,系列标准物质δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N认定值区间呈梯度分布,δ~(13)C值为-40‰～0‰,δ~(15)N值为-10‰～30‰,涵盖了我国天然样品中有机质碳氮稳定同位素组成范围;研制的系列标准物质δ~(13)C的定值扩展不确定度不大于0.08‰,δ~(15)N的定值扩展不确定度不大于0.09‰,定值水平与国际标准物质相当。该系列标准物质已被国家质检总局批准为国家一级标准物质,批准号为GBW04494～GBW04497。可被用于地质、生态、环境等多种样品δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N比值测定时的分析监控、仪器校准、方法评价、质量保证和质量监控。  相似文献   

低压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地质样品中的硼     

杜宝华  盛迪波  罗志翔  王全 《岩矿测试》2020,39(5):690-698

采用酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定地质样品中的全硼量,关键环节在于如何防止样品消解过程中硼元素的损失,降低测量过程中的基体干扰、光谱干扰和记忆效应。基于以上问题,本文采用氢氟酸-硝酸-高氯酸-磷酸在低压密闭溶样罐中消解样品,溶出的硼元素与少量磷酸充分络合,防止硼的挥发损失;以基体及主成分浓度与样品相类似的地质类固体标准物质绘制标准曲线做线性校准,有效匹配和降低样品的基体干扰;采用仪器自带的操作软件,观察分析谱线附近是否存在其他元素的干扰,来确定背景扣除最佳的位置及宽度,降低ICP-OES测量中的光谱干扰;以10%的王水作为进样系统的冲洗液,有效消减测量过程中的记忆效应。当稀释因子为200时,方法的检出限(3SD)为1.2μg/g,定量限(10SD)为4.0μg/g;用岩石、土壤及水系沉积物国家一级标准物质对精密度及准确度进行分析验证,11次测定相对标准偏差为1.8%～7.9%,相对误差为-3.6%～6.3%;以外检分析结果为参考,对硼含量在定量限以上的样品测定,相对误差为-9.3%～12.5%。  相似文献   

Response of Plant Community Carbon and Nitrogen Stoichiometry to Experimental Warming on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

ZHANG Haorui  QIN Jiwei  FU Gang 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):315-321

Low temperature is an important limiting factor for alpine ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. This study is based on data from on-site experimental warming platforms (open top chambers, OTC) at three elevations (4300 m, 4500 m, 4700 m) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry characteristics of plant communities, both above-ground and below-ground, were observed in three alpine meadow ecosystems in August and September of 2011 and August of 2012. Experimental warming significantly increased above-ground nitrogen content by 21.4% in September 2011 at 4500 m, and reduced above-ground carbon content by 3.9% in August 2012 at 4300 m. Experimental warming significantly increased below-ground carbon content by 5.5% in August 2011 at 4500 m, and the below-ground ratio of carbon to nitrogen by 28.0% in September 2011 at 4300 m, but reduced below-ground nitrogen content by 15.7% in September 2011 at 4700 m, below-ground carbon content by 34.3% in August 2012 at 4700 m, and the below-ground ratio of carbon to nitrogen by 37.9% in August 2012 at 4700 m. Experimental warming had no significant effect on the characteristics of community carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry under other conditions. Therefore, experimental warming had inconsistent effects on the carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry of plant communities at different elevations and during different months. Soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content were the main factors affecting plant community carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry.  相似文献   

Response of Microbial Communities in Soil to Multi-level Warming in a Highland Barley System of the Lhasa River     

FU Gang  SUN Wei  LI Shaowei  ZHONG Zhiming 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(4):373-378

No studies have examined the effect of experimental warming on the microbial biomass and community composition of soil in agricultural ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Thus it is unclear whether the influences of experimental warming on microbial communities in soil are related to warming magnitude in croplands on this Plateau. This study performed warming experiment (control, low- and high-level) in a highland barley system of the Lhasa River in May 2014 to examine the correlation between the response of microbial communities in soil to warming and warming magnitude. Topsoil samples (0-10 and 10-20 cm) were collected on September 14, 2014. Experimental warming at both low and high levels significantly increased soil temperature by 1.02 ℃ and 1.59 ℃, respectively at the depth of 15 cm. Phospho lipid fatty acid (PLFA) method was used to determine the microbial community in soil. The low-level experimental warming did not significantly affect the soil’s total PLFA, fungi, bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), actinomycetes, gram-positive bacteria (G⁺), gram-negative bacteria (G^-), protozoa, the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B ratio), and ratio of G⁺ to G^- (G⁺/G^- ratio) at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. The low-level experimental warming also did not significantly alter the composition of microbial community in soil at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth. The high-level experimental warming significantly increased total PLFA by 74.4%, fungi by 78.0%, bacteria by 74.0%, AMF by 66.9%, actinomycetes by 81.4%, G⁺ by 67.0% and G^- by 74.4% at the 0-10 cm depth rather than at 10-20 cm depth. The high-level experimental warming significantly altered microbial community composition in soil at the 0-10 cm depth rather than at 10-20 cm depth. Our findings suggest that the response of microbial communities in soil to warming varied with warming magnitudes in the highland barley system of the Lhasa River.  相似文献   

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定超细粒度岩石和土壤样品中的稀土元素   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王娜  徐铁民  魏双  王家松  曾江萍  张楠 《岩矿测试》2020,39(1):68-76

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析岩石和土壤样品中稀土元素的含量,取样量可低至数毫克级,但200目样品粒度要求分析取样100mg才能保证代表性,导致ICP-MS灵敏度高、取样量小的优势难以得到充分发挥。本文研究了研磨方式、研磨时间、物料比对超细粒度土壤和岩石样品制备的影响,结果表明采用乙醇作为分散剂进行湿法球磨,200目粒度的土壤、岩石样品分别研磨10min和15min,土壤样品的物料比采用物料7g、研磨球500个、分散剂45mL,岩石样品的物料比选取物料5g、研磨球500个、分散剂45mL,细化程度最佳。在此条件下制备的超细粒度土壤标准物质GBW07404、GBW07447的粒径分布D_(95)可低至7.51μm、7.05μm,超细粒度岩石标准物质GBW07104、GBW07121的D_(95)可低至8.42μm、8.30μm。在硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢酸溶体系中微波消解处理超细粒度岩石标准物质GBW07104,取样量减少至5mg,总用酸量减少至0.25mL,消解时间降低为25min,稀土元素的测定值与认定值基本一致,相对标准偏差在1.64%～5.21%之间。该方法用于分析其他超细粒度标准物质(GBW07404、GBW07447和GBW07121)中的稀土元素,相对误差为0.17%～6.60%,满足《地质矿产实验室测试质量管理规范》的一级标准。  相似文献   

Why asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can lead to a sharp dissolution front in chemical dissolution of porous rocks?          下载免费PDF全文

Chongbin Zhao  B.E. Hobbs  A. Ord 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(15):1590-1602

The use of the asymptotic limit can greatly simplify the theoretical analysis of chemical dissolution front instabilities in fluid‐saturated rocks and therefore make it possible to obtain mathematical solutions, which often play a crucial role in understanding the propagation behavior of chemical dissolution fronts in chemical dissolution systems. However, there has been a debate in recent years that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity (i.e., the acid dissolution capacity number approaching zero) alone cannot lead to a sharp dissolution front of the Stefan type in the acidization dissolution system, in which the dissolvable minerals of carbonate rocks are chemically dissolved by the injected acid flow. The acid dissolution capacity number is commonly defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid. In this paper, we use four different proof methods, including (i) direct use of the fundamental concepts; (ii) use of the mathematical governing equations of an acidization dissolution system; (iii) use of the different time scaling approach; and (iv) use of a moving coordinate system approach, to demonstrate that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can indeed lead to sharp dissolution fronts of the Stefan type in acidization dissolution systems on a much larger time scale (than the dissolution time scale). Our new finding is that on the reaction time scale, the condition of the conventional time derivative of porosity approaching zero alone can ensure that the acidization dissolution front has a sharp shape of the Stefan type. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ROCKS & MINERALS DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS     

《Abstract of Chinese Geological Literature》2014,(4)

正20142093Chen Daohua(Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,Guangzhou 510075,China);Diao Shaobo The Latest Progress of Geological Marine Testing Technology in China(Rock and Mineral Analysis,ISSN0254-5357,CN11-2131/TD,32(6),2013,p.850-859,105refs.)Key words:chemical analysis,China  相似文献   

Roche volume filling and the dissolution of open star clusters     

A. Ernst  P. Berczik  A. Just  T. Noel 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2015,336(6):577-589

From direct N‐body simulations we find that the dynamical evolution of star clusters is strongly influenced by the Roche volume filling factor. We present a parameter study of the dissolution of open star clusters with different Roche volume filling factors and different particle numbers. We study both Roche volume underfilling and overfilling models and compare with the Roche volume filling case. We find that in the Roche volume overfilling limit of our simulations two‐body relaxation is no longer the dominant dissolution mechanism but the changing cluster potential. We call this mechanism “mass‐loss driven dissolution” in contrast to “two‐body relaxation driven dissolution” which occurs in the Roche volume underfilling regime. We have measured scaling exponents of the dissolution time with the two‐body relaxation time. In this experimental study we find a decreasing scaling exponent with increasing Roche volume filling factor. The evolution of the escaper number in the Roche volume overfilling limit can be described by a log‐logistic differential equation. We report the finding of a resonance condition which may play a role for the evolution of star clusters and may be calibrated by the main periodic orbit in the large island of retrograde quasiperiodic orbits in the Poincaré surfaces of section. We also report on the existence of a stability curve which may be of relevance with respect to the structure of star clusters. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

The effects of wastewater discharges on the functioning of a small temporarily open/closed estuary     

Robynne A. Lawrie  Derek D. Stretch  Renzo Perissinotto 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Wastewater discharges affect the functioning of small temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) through two main mechanisms: (1) they can significantly change the water balance by altering the quantity of water inflows, and (2) they can significantly change the nutrient balance and hence the water quality. This study investigated the bio-physical responses of a typical, small TOCE on the east coast of South Africa, the Mhlanga Estuary. This estuary receives significant inflows of treated effluent from upstream wastewater treatment works. Water and nutrient budgets were used together with biological sampling to investigate changes in the functioning of the system. The increase in inflows due to the effluent discharges has significantly increased the mouth breaching frequency. Furthermore, when the mouth closes, the accumulation of nutrients leads to eutrophication and algal blooms. A grey water index, namely the proportion of effluent in the estuary and an indicator of the additional nutrient inputs into the estuary, reached high values (?50%) during low flow regimes and when the mouth was closed. In these hyper-eutrophic conditions (DIN and DIP concentrations up to 457 μM and 100 μM respectively), field measurements showed that algal blooms occurred within about 14 days following closure of the mouth (chlorophyll-a concentrations up to 375 mg chl-a m⁻³). Water and nutrient balance simulations for alternative scenarios suggest that further increases in wastewater discharges would result in more frequent breaching events and longer open mouth conditions, but the occurrence of hyper-eutrophic conditions would initially intensify despite more frequent openings. The study indicates how water and nutrient balance simulations can be used in the planning and impact assessment of wastewater treatment facilities.  相似文献